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provisioning services provide material or energy outputs from ecosystems, such as food, water and other resources.
cultural services provide non-material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences
regulation and maintenance services act as buffering agents, e.g. regulating the quality of air and soil or by providing flood and disease control.
ecosystem services: value for people

Ecosystem services are the benefits that we derive from our natural capital, directly or indirectly. They are important for us, but there is no consistent framework for including these concepts in policy-making.

The OpenNESS project is looking for ways of integrating these concepts into land, water and urban management in Europe.

For this presentation 13 ecosystem services were selected that cover 87% of what scientific studies say are important. Biodiversity is excluded for it is part of the natural capital.
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